My finger

Nearly lost a finger When I was around 12 years of age I wanted to ride my Hard BMW bicycle around my neighborhood a ton with my companion scratch. Scratch and I used to fix our own bicycles and figure out how to do everything ourselves. We would chip away at our bicycles throughout the day consistently and dismantle them and set up them back, we got so great at riding and fixing our bicycles we fixed are bicycles anyplace whenever or if nothing else I suspected as much. One day throughout the mid year of first year scratch and I went for a ride to the recreation center down the road from y house to play soccer.After we played soccer at the recreation center for some time we chose to go to scratches house to play computer games and get something to drink. So as were riding back to scratches house my jawline felt somewhat free so I thought it was a smart thought to attempt to fix it while I was riding. I put my in on my chain while riding the bicycle and my hand stalled out in the cha in and I was unable to get it out and the best way to get my finger out was to hawk and get it out of the chain however once I sold I felt this sharp agony in my finger yet didn't look till I got to my companion's house.Once I had at long last taken a gander at it, it took me one moment to truly understand my finger was Just scarcely holding tight by a little bit of skin. Scratches mother at that point did everything she could and called my mother and said â€Å"you need to take Andrew to the crisis room†. My mother surged over to scratches house and we went to the crisis room. After the x beams were taken of my finger they had the option to fasten It back together and ensure I could in any case have feeling in my finger and that the bone mended well. My finger By Vanessa they had the option to fasten it back together and ensure I could at present have feeling in my

Opportunities Within The Vietnamese Market Marketing Essay

Openings Within The Vietnamese Market Marketing Essay This report conducts investigates and breaks down the chances and dangers of creating chocolate business in Vietnam in the regard of monetary, political, legitimate, social, social, land and climatic condition. Also, the report assesses the conditions by rating them as low, medium and elevated level. Subsequent to dissecting the nitty gritty factors in Vietnam, the open doors exceed dangers to a huge degree, particularly the open exchange strategy including supporting outside venture, which prompts further suggestions that Vietnam ought to be reflected as the likely market to extend chocolate business for Swiss maker and it is attainable to set up manufacturing plant. Vietnam has encountered showcase arranged monetary changes since 1986, which offered ascend to quick financial turn of events. Over the time of 1991 to 2005, GDP development rate in Vietnam accomplished around 7.9% (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008). Meanwhile, Vietnamese economy has gotten one of Asian biggest economies with ostensible GDP of $ 436 billion and $92.439 billion out of 2009. As indicated by the Vietnam Living Standard Survey (VLSS) led by the GSO like clockwork, the normal salary per individual in Vietnam in 2006 was VND636,000 every month or VND7.63 million every year, an expansion of 31.3% from 2004 (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008), which was because of the countrys magnificent financial execution. On this condition, the Vietnamese can purchase more purchaser merchandise even extravagant items like reasonable exchange chocolate on the grounds that expanding dispensable wages mean propelling buying ability in a specific way. In the course of recent years, there were a genuine of new exchange approaches gave to heighten exchange progression environment and the key angles are as per the following: Firstly, limitations on quantitative import items have been destroyed to a huge degree (on all items aside from sugar and oil based commodities); besides, because of significant reduction in levies, the degree of territorial protectionism has been diminished; thirdly, the impediments on outside direct speculation (FDI) has been discharged; at long last, government motivated private-segment to partake in remote exchange and set up undertakings (Athukorala, P-C, 2006). Also, on November 7, 2006, Vietnam joined the WTO being the 150th Member of the WTO with essential exchanging accomplices, for example, China, Japan, Australia, ASEAN (the Association of South East Asian Nations) nations, the U.S. what's more, Western European nations. There are upgrades in two primary zones: In administration, Vietnam is focused on evacuating the cutoff points on remote possession in many divisions however this can be eliminated in various stages; in exchanging rights, the WTO duties announce that all household and outside firms have full rights to import and fare under a similar enlistment strategies. Exchanging rights likewise remember the option to appropriate imported items for Vietnams region and the option to pick nearby wholesalers (Tien Quang Tran, T. Q., 2008). Thus, there are less blocks for Swiss chocolate maker to manufacture manufactory and broaden benefits in Vietnam. All the more essentially, Swiss maker can help out nearby private-segments like material providers, which supplies it with more deal power because of the ideal exchange arrangements. 2.1.3 Encouragement of outside venture (elevated level) Since the beginning period of remodel changes, the Vietnamese government has understood the huge job of FDI for monetary progress and improvement. Lately, the administration is gathering useful data to cut down the boundaries debilitated the fascination of FDI and make further advance to improve Vietnams venture atmosphere by driving ordinary semi-yearly gatherings,. On 1 July 2006, another law called Investment Law gave by the National Assembly became effective. The law was advanced with the perspective on rewarding the speculation exercises of both outside and local speculators consistently and inciting another flood of remote venture (Tran, T. Q., 2008). Moreover, the Investment Law is fundamental to build up increasingly open speculation atmosphere and incorporate into the universal market to meeting WTO standards, for example, the most-supported country, and exposure and straightforwardness standards. In the course of recent years, outside interest in Vietnam became estimated triple than the past (Tran, T. Q., 2008). For instance, Microsoft and Intel put 10 million in Vietnam individually, the Swiss Banks created dispatching industry by financing one billion U.S. dollars, and Taiwans Hon Hai Group contributed 5 billion U.S. dollars in Vietnam to make Hong Haidi nation. As per measurements from Vietnams outside speculation organization division, the size of FDI has arrived at 160 billion out of 2007, with development pace of 57% contrasted and 102 billion dollars in 2006. Under these conditions, there could be more space and open doors for Swiss reasonable exchange chocolate maker to open up new market in Vietnam by virtue of less lawful limitations and greater consolation from nearby government. Likewise, when Swiss maker faces challenges, it is fundamental for neighborhood government to pull out all the stops to extend bolster hand. 2.1.4 Expanding dispersion channels (medium level) Since Vietnam went into the WTO, general stores/hypermarkets go to be head conveyance channels with wide assortment of items and a charming shopping experience rather than little basic food item retailers. For example, an organization called Saigon Nguyen Kim (Sai Gon-Nguyen Kim) opened one strip mall CMC Square in Ho Chi Minh City. CMC Square covers a zone of 4,000 square meters, which can get a huge number of clients every day. It will be the lead store among the current 9 branches which situated in the capital Hanoi, Can Tho, Da Nang and Binh Duong Province and different urban communities. Right now, the examination shows that the deals of chocolate dessert shop were progressively sold through markets/hypermarkets (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). All the more significantly, chocolate is one sort of food which has high prerequisite for temperature, along these lines, the propelled stockpiling condition, for example, working cools will add to delay its stockpiling period and guarantee its delightful taste. 2.1.5 Labor cost (medium level) The work cost in Vietnam is in low level contrasted and other Asian nations like China. From one perspective, this is a favorable position for Swiss chocolate maker to set up manufactory, which is a significant factor in sparing expense and empowers Swiss producer to put more in advance specialized types of gear and faculty preparing. 2.2 Liberalization in Political Environment (medium level) Until December 2007, Vietnam had built up discretionary relations with 172 nations. As of late, the administration of Vietnam has taken activities to securing household (one-sided) progression changes by investing in assume a functioning job in provincial, two-sided and multilateral exchange advancement activities (Athukorala, P-C, 2006). This sort of world of politics with opportunity and receptive outlook makes vote based business environment for Swiss chocolate maker. Furthermore, as appeared in an endeavor review directed by World Bank, it appears that Vietnam has a superior positioning contrasted with all other Asian nations like China and Thailand (Tran, T. Q., 2008, p. 1193). In a word, the stable political circumstance and elevated level of security help to realize okay for Swiss maker. 2.3 Social and Cultural Aspect 2.3.1 Open disposition to outside societies and brands (significant level) Starting from the 1990s, Vietnam has been presented to outside societies like Southeast Asian, European and American culture. Under this impact, nearby clients are like to buy outside brands and they consider that global products own higher caliber than neighborhood brands with their built up names (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). As of late, numerous well known remote brands have entered the market, including Giordano, Levi, Valentino, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Calvin Klein, LOreal and Shiseido. Garments, purses, scents and beautifying agents have delighted in a yearly development pace of 30% in the Vietnamese market. Simultaneously, the number and estimation of imported vehicles and motorbikes in Vietnam has expanded fundamentally because of an abatement in the import tax on vehicles from 90% to 60%. Vietnam imported 28,000 vehicles in 2007, of which 5,000 vehicles were imported in December at an estimation of USD73 million (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p.2). Taking into account the current inclination, Swiss reasonable exchange chocolate can hold onto piece of the pie because of its high notoriety with long history and incredible taste. 2.3.2 Promotion by open media (medium level) Open media particularly TV assume significant job in transmitting outside culture and expanding familiarity with global brands. Practically 95% of Vietnamese family units currently have power associations contrasted with just half in the mid 1990s. Vietnamese individuals like to sit in front of the TV in their extra time. In provincial territories, individuals normally visit each other after work to eat, talk and appreciate TV programs (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p.17). Vietnamese can obtain adequate data with respect to the benefits of chocolate. As the advancement by open media, Vietnamese shoppers ordinarily bought chocolate as a present for an uncommon event, for example, Tet Holidays, birthday events and particularly Valentines Day (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). In addition, it is progressively well known that they even expend chocolate as every day utilization merchandise. 2.3.3 Customers inclination of extravagance products (medium level) Some of

Platos view of a perfect world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 25

Platos perspective on an ideal world - Essay Example Unexpectedly, I think its’ extremely distant from being Utopia. However, what is Utopia? I would feel that it is where there are harmony and love among all men. Be that as it may, as indicated by Plato’s The Republic, he thought about an ideal state to have two things: the ideal man and the ideal equity. An ideal world can't exist if the individuals that comprise it are defective. I should concur though reluctantly in light of the fact that then again, the world is only the aggregate of the individuals which comprise it. Consequently, to make an ideal world, the men that structure it must be impeccable too. Despite the fact that we have made some amazing progress since our savage progenitors, we are not immaculate still. As indicated by Charles Darwin, men may have respectable characteristics and god-like knowledge but then â€Å"men still bears in his real edge the unappetizing stamp of his modest origin.† Since it is our body that restricts us and keeps us from being great, Plato has recommended in The Republic that in the advanced world, wiped out and distorted kids are isolated and executed so they don’t debase nor trouble the rest. They are imperfect, and there is no space for defects ideally. Plato recommended that ideally, there is solidarity among men and they are unified with the state. Men stop to be insignificant people and rather they are viewed as individuals from the state. I concur with this line of reasoning supposing that men today would think along these lines, they would waver before doing damage to another in such a case that they harm another, they harm the State. What's more, as it were, they harm themselves. In any case, to accomplish this unity with the State, Plato proposes common property heavily influenced by the state. In like manner, it proposes that the State raises the youngsters without guardians knowing their posterity. These are planned to forestall aggregation of riches, minds, excellence and different characteristics of birth. Once more, I should concur with this line of reasoning.

Reverend Hale Essay -- essays research papers

Reverend Hale The Crucible composed by Arthur Miller is a play that happens in the sixteen nineties during the popular yet disastrous witch preliminaries. Reverend Hale who is a clergyman and a specialist of the wicked expressions and black magic is sent from East Hanover to Salem where there is a spreading apprehension of black magic. At the point when Hale shows up in Salem he finds the whole town in complete disorder. Toward the starting Hale is resolute in accepting that they’re where witches and that only great could happen to his being there. Close to the end when reality has been uncovered, Hale with such a great amount of blood on his head argues : ‘‘ I come to accomplish the Devil’s work. I come to guide Christians they ought to give a false representation of themselves. There is blood on my head! Can you not see the blood on my head!’’ (Miller,131). For Reverend Hale the witch chase in Salem is the area of an ethical excursion as he in the end makes a total pivot in contemplations and convictions as he is compelled to see certain real factors. Toward the beginning of Reverend Hale’s transformation he is so certain about himself and of his conviction, in witches, that he even coincidentally facilitates their lying. Now when he meets Parris and the young ladies who have been ‘‘ bewitched’’ he urges them to discuss their being charmed, and speaks for them, yet he just does this since he truly has faith in witches, and accepts the girls’ stories. This reverse discharges in any case, and helps the young ladies with their untruths. Not long after the preliminaries start Hale starts to have questions in the...

Criminology Theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminology Theories - Research Paper Example In such manner, the study of Criminology can be viewed as that manages a comprehension of the idea of wrongdoings that happen inside a general public, along these lines concentrating on deciding the reason for the wrongdoing and the prime suspects related with a wrongdoing (Siegel 5). According to this science, there are sure hypotheses †demonology, traditional, positivism, mental †that can be related with specific violations, in this examination the cases being the previously mentioned ones. Give us access brief comprehend what these ideas mean so as to relate them to these cases, as talked about later in the examination. The idea of demonology in criminology characteristics a demonstration of wrongdoing to different powers on the planet and not the individual performing it (Einstadter and Stuart 31). Accordingly this would consider outside components to have impacted a person towards carrying out a wrongdoing. The old style hypothesis of crimeâ stresses that people are people who are independent,â and subsequently a criminal demonstration is carried out by them followingâ sensible and wary retribution; the execution of a wrongdoing gives more contentmentâ as contrasted with torment (â€Å"Classical Theory of Crime Causation†). Positivism hypothesis manages an efficient use of the logical strategy, the examinations dependent on legitimate terms, and measurements identified with it (â€Å"Positivism†). Here the on-screen character is thought to be center ed around more than the demonstration. Finally, the mental speculations of wrongdoing are of the conviction that distinctions in conduct among people are equipped for making a few people increasingly inclined to carrying out violations. These distinctions emerge from factors like the character attributes, organic elements, or associations in the general public (â€Å"Psychological Theories of Crime†). In the present investigation these four hypotheses would be concentrated to see how they are related with the instances of mass or sequential killings as

How to Use Google Scholar for Academic Research

How to Use Google Scholar for Academic Research EP 56: How to Use Google Scholar for Academic Research EP 56: How to Use Google Scholar for Academic Research Have you ever used Google Scholar? While many professors will dissuade you from using Google for research (and rightly so), Google Scholar can actually be a useful tool for finding valid research. As students in university or college, you generally have access to large databases of peer reviewed research studies that are perfect for literature reviews and research assignments. Alternatively, Google Scholar is an easy-to-access database that has some other benefits, as well. In Episode 56 we are going against the grain to teach you how to Google Scholar for academic research and writing. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and this is Episode 56 of The Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. Here on the show. We provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Many professors will dissuade you from using Google as a source for your research papers as university and college students you likely have access to large databases of peer reviewed articles and research papers that are perfect for your academic assignments. Now you should always be careful about the information that you use in your academic papers. You will want to make sure that it is valid peer reviewed research. How ever many professors will not tell you that Google is a great resource for your academic assignments. Cath Anne: [00:00:59] Today were going a little bit against the grain and maybe up it against the rules and were going to talk about how Google can be an effective and useful tools when you are attempting to generate content and research for your academic papers. Lets jump in. Cath Anne: [00:01:17] Generating research through a literature view is one of the most important steps in the research process. Google and Google scholar was developed by Google as a research resource for people looking for academic information similar to other academic databases using Google Scholar entails a little bit more than simply typing some keywords into a search bar. You have to know how to use Google Scholar effectively and thats what were going to focus on today. First lets talk about how to access and use Google Scholar. Now if youre not familiar with the database, as I mentioned Google scholar is a research database that has thousands upon thousands of research articles in it in order to access the website. You do have to type it in manually into your your out bar because Google does not directly link to it from the Google home page. So in order to access Google Scholar type into your url bar scholar.google.com and you will be able to have access to this powerful resea rch tool. Cath Anne: [00:02:36] Okay so why cant you just type a few words into the google scholar search bar and hope for the best. Well its because there is just way too much information out there. When youre doing a search using Google Scholar because it is a worldwide database. You have to narrow your search parameters. Now lets talk about some of the ways that you can effectively use Google Scholar and make use of the tool in ways that are strategic and take advantage of. All it has to offer because it is a really powerful tool. Cath Anne: [00:03:13] First you can use google scholar to conduct backward searches. Now let me talk about a little bit what I mean about doing a backward search so you can begin this process in two ways. First type your key words or your information that youre researching into the search bar. You will come up with a number of citations. At the bottom of each citation on the left side you will see and a word that says cited by and a number beside it. If you click on that cited by number google scholar will bring up a plethora of other resources that have cited that specific article. In this way you can start to narrow down your search and find other papers related to your topic. Second by looking at that cited by number it is easy to identify whether an article is valid research or not. So for example if an article has been cited 1045 times this is a pretty clear indication that it is a valid research article and that you are safe to use it in your own research. Another way to condu ct a backward research search is to find an article and look at their resources or references page by scanning the references page on a valid research article. You then have access to a number of different research articles that you did not have access to before. And you know they are valid because theyve been used in a valid study as well. So take advantage of this opportunity to generate some research ideas and even some new keywords and terms that you can use in your future research. Cath Anne: [00:05:05] Second I wanted to talk about a really interesting tip search in incognito mode. When youre searching Google on a regular basis, like most of us do, Google helpfully remembers your key terms and different items that you search. You may be familiar with how Google will suggest keywords when youre doing a search. Now while this is helpful in our regular search this might not necessarily be as helpful when youre searching for research and this is because Google actively narrows your search parameters by making suggestions and remembering what you have researched before. This is great if you are just doing general research but it might not help when you are looking for very specific information for a research study. This is not the time that you want Google to skew your results because youre looking for original content and original research on a very specific topic. So how can you beat this. You can put your browser into incognito mode in this way. Google no longe r remember your previous searches. So for example if you are looking for information on rivers in national parks, and you did a search for camping in national parks last week, Google will no longer remember that previous search and will simply focus on the research that you are looking for in the current moment. So set your browser to incognito mode for best results when youre using Google Scholar. Cath Anne: [00:06:39] Third, like any database you cant just plug in keywords into Google Scholar and hope for the best. Take some time before you do your research to understand what your topic is. Write down some key words and some questions around why youd like to know about the topic. Now of course this is going to take some time. However this will help you to narrow your search parameters and get more accurate results when youre using Google Scholar. Narrow your topic and begin to make lists of questions and keywords break them into subtopics and then develop an understanding of what you will plug into Google Scholar. This will definitely turn out more valid results and more accurate information around the topic that youre focusing on. This process may be helpful in helping you to generate more information around each subtopic. Begin by writing down what you would like to learn about a specific topic then break this information into subtopics and develop a list of key terms and key words. This information will help you to narrow your search parameters when you are using Google Scholar and therefore help you to turn out more accurate information. Now if you are largely unfamiliar with the topic that youre focusing on for your research assignment you can certainly use databases such as Wikipedia or other online encyclopedias. Now remember these will not count as valid resources in your in your research assignment. However you can begin by using these databases to generate some information and understanding around your topic and then develop a list of keywords from there. Cath Anne: [00:08:27] Number 4 stay organized with my libraries. So Google Scholar has this great component to it called My libraries. When you go into Google Scholar you will see a link in the top right hand corner of the page that is titled My Libraries. When you do a search, at the bottom of each citation that comes up in google scholar you will also see a small blue outline of a star. If you click that star Google Scholar it will automatically place that citation into your libraries. You can then use my libraries to stay organized and divide your citations by subtopic. This can certainly help if youre working on a larger project like a Ph.D. thesis for example or a masters dissertation. This is a great way to keep your citations organized. And all in one place. Cath Anne: [00:09:25] Number 5 Click on related articles. When you see citations in google scholar you might have noticed that there is a small link at the bottom of each citation that says related articles. If you click on this you will see a plethora of other articles that are related to the topic that you have researched. This can be another great way to generate references and more information on your topic. Cath Anne: [00:09:55] Number 6 organize and automate your citations. Lets be honest, creating a work cited references page or a book really graphy is a strenuous task that no one really enjoys. Use google scholar to your benefit and help Google Scholar generate your citations for you. All you have to do to generate a citation in Google scholar is to click on the link below the citation that is in quotation marks. Double quotation marks and it will bring up a list of all the various formats that you can use in citation. So for example if youre looking for an APA citation you can simply copy and paste that from Google Scholar and into your document. Cath Anne: [00:10:46] Number 7, now like many other databases Google Scholar also has an advanced search option. The Advanced Search option allows you to narrow your parameters even further. So for example you can search by author you can search by time period and you can enter more specific keywords using the advanced search option. Definitely takes a little bit more practice so dont become discouraged if you dont get it right away. This is something that you can easily practice as you progress throw your academic career. Google scholar is an extremely powerful tool and something that is very useful for many students. It can help you to generate accurate and valid up-to-date academic research and make your research process a little bit more streamlined. Google Scholar can be a helpful tool to mine research for potential research papers and to develop an understanding of your research topic a little bit further. It can also help you to generate accurate citations and to organize the m into a bibliography. [00:11:54] Now you might be wary about how to identify a valid or relevant research article and this is something we discussed in last weeks episode. Episode 55 of The Homework Help Show we discussed how to spot bad science. So if youre wary about using an online database like Google Scholar. Check out Episode 55 for some tips on how to identify a bad scientific article and. What to look for when you are identifying valid or relevant research. Cath Anne: [00:12:32] Well guys that is it for me this week I hope this episode was helpful to you. As always if you have any questions jump into the comments below. We always love to hear from you guys. Make sure to like this video and subscribe to our channel so you dont miss out on any more academic content. Make sure to connect with us on all of our social media platforms. Everything is linked and listed in the description box below. We always love to hear from you guys and make sure to reach out and connect. We hope that youll consider a google scholar as a great resource for you when you are conducting your academic research. Good luck writing those research papers and I will talk to you guys soon. How to Use Google Scholar for Academic Research EP 56: How to Use Google Scholar for Academic Research EP 56: How to Use Google Scholar for Academic Research Have you ever used Google Scholar? While many professors will dissuade you from using Google for research (and rightly so), Google Scholar can actually be a useful tool for finding valid research. As students in university or college, you generally have access to large databases of peer reviewed research studies that are perfect for literature reviews and research assignments. Alternatively, Google Scholar is an easy-to-access database that has some other benefits, as well. In Episode 56 we are going against the grain to teach you how to Google Scholar for academic research and writing. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and this is Episode 56 of The Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. Here on the show. We provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Many professors will dissuade you from using Google as a source for your research papers as university and college students you likely have access to large databases of peer reviewed articles and research papers that are perfect for your academic assignments. Now you should always be careful about the information that you use in your academic papers. You will want to make sure that it is valid peer reviewed research. How ever many professors will not tell you that Google is a great resource for your academic assignments. Cath Anne: [00:00:59] Today were going a little bit against the grain and maybe up it against the rules and were going to talk about how Google can be an effective and useful tools when you are attempting to generate content and research for your academic papers. Lets jump in. Cath Anne: [00:01:17] Generating research through a literature view is one of the most important steps in the research process. Google and Google scholar was developed by Google as a research resource for people looking for academic information similar to other academic databases using Google Scholar entails a little bit more than simply typing some keywords into a search bar. You have to know how to use Google Scholar effectively and thats what were going to focus on today. First lets talk about how to access and use Google Scholar. Now if youre not familiar with the database, as I mentioned Google scholar is a research database that has thousands upon thousands of research articles in it in order to access the website. You do have to type it in manually into your your out bar because Google does not directly link to it from the Google home page. So in order to access Google Scholar type into your url bar scholar.google.com and you will be able to have access to this powerful resea rch tool. Cath Anne: [00:02:36] Okay so why cant you just type a few words into the google scholar search bar and hope for the best. Well its because there is just way too much information out there. When youre doing a search using Google Scholar because it is a worldwide database. You have to narrow your search parameters. Now lets talk about some of the ways that you can effectively use Google Scholar and make use of the tool in ways that are strategic and take advantage of. All it has to offer because it is a really powerful tool. Cath Anne: [00:03:13] First you can use google scholar to conduct backward searches. Now let me talk about a little bit what I mean about doing a backward search so you can begin this process in two ways. First type your key words or your information that youre researching into the search bar. You will come up with a number of citations. At the bottom of each citation on the left side you will see and a word that says cited by and a number beside it. If you click on that cited by number google scholar will bring up a plethora of other resources that have cited that specific article. In this way you can start to narrow down your search and find other papers related to your topic. Second by looking at that cited by number it is easy to identify whether an article is valid research or not. So for example if an article has been cited 1045 times this is a pretty clear indication that it is a valid research article and that you are safe to use it in your own research. Another way to condu ct a backward research search is to find an article and look at their resources or references page by scanning the references page on a valid research article. You then have access to a number of different research articles that you did not have access to before. And you know they are valid because theyve been used in a valid study as well. So take advantage of this opportunity to generate some research ideas and even some new keywords and terms that you can use in your future research. Cath Anne: [00:05:05] Second I wanted to talk about a really interesting tip search in incognito mode. When youre searching Google on a regular basis, like most of us do, Google helpfully remembers your key terms and different items that you search. You may be familiar with how Google will suggest keywords when youre doing a search. Now while this is helpful in our regular search this might not necessarily be as helpful when youre searching for research and this is because Google actively narrows your search parameters by making suggestions and remembering what you have researched before. This is great if you are just doing general research but it might not help when you are looking for very specific information for a research study. This is not the time that you want Google to skew your results because youre looking for original content and original research on a very specific topic. So how can you beat this. You can put your browser into incognito mode in this way. Google no longe r remember your previous searches. So for example if you are looking for information on rivers in national parks, and you did a search for camping in national parks last week, Google will no longer remember that previous search and will simply focus on the research that you are looking for in the current moment. So set your browser to incognito mode for best results when youre using Google Scholar. Cath Anne: [00:06:39] Third, like any database you cant just plug in keywords into Google Scholar and hope for the best. Take some time before you do your research to understand what your topic is. Write down some key words and some questions around why youd like to know about the topic. Now of course this is going to take some time. However this will help you to narrow your search parameters and get more accurate results when youre using Google Scholar. Narrow your topic and begin to make lists of questions and keywords break them into subtopics and then develop an understanding of what you will plug into Google Scholar. This will definitely turn out more valid results and more accurate information around the topic that youre focusing on. This process may be helpful in helping you to generate more information around each subtopic. Begin by writing down what you would like to learn about a specific topic then break this information into subtopics and develop a list of key terms and key words. This information will help you to narrow your search parameters when you are using Google Scholar and therefore help you to turn out more accurate information. Now if you are largely unfamiliar with the topic that youre focusing on for your research assignment you can certainly use databases such as Wikipedia or other online encyclopedias. Now remember these will not count as valid resources in your in your research assignment. However you can begin by using these databases to generate some information and understanding around your topic and then develop a list of keywords from there. Cath Anne: [00:08:27] Number 4 stay organized with my libraries. So Google Scholar has this great component to it called My libraries. When you go into Google Scholar you will see a link in the top right hand corner of the page that is titled My Libraries. When you do a search, at the bottom of each citation that comes up in google scholar you will also see a small blue outline of a star. If you click that star Google Scholar it will automatically place that citation into your libraries. You can then use my libraries to stay organized and divide your citations by subtopic. This can certainly help if youre working on a larger project like aPh.D. thesis for example or a masters dissertation. This is a great way to keep your citations organized. And all in one place. Cath Anne: [00:09:25] Number 5 Click on related articles. When you see citations in google scholar you might have noticed that there is a small link at the bottom of each citation that says related articles. If you click on this you will see a plethora of other articles that are related to the topic that you have researched. This can be another great way to generate references and more information on your topic. Cath Anne: [00:09:55] Number 6 organize and automate your citations. Lets be honest, creating a work cited references page or a book really graphy is a strenuous task that no one really enjoys. Use google scholar to your benefit and help Google Scholar generate your citations for you. All you have to do to generate a citation in Google scholar is to click on the link below the citation that is in quotation marks. Double quotation marks and it will bring up a list of all the various formats that you can use incitation. So for example if youre looking for an APA citation you can simply copy and paste that from Google Scholar and into your document. Cath Anne: [00:10:46] Number 7, now like many other databases Google Scholar also has an advanced search option. The Advanced Search option allows you to narrow your parameters even further. So for example you can search by author you can search by time period and you can enter more specific keywords using the advanced search option. Definitely takes a little bit more practice so dont become discouraged if you dont get it right away. This is something that you can easily practice as you progress throw your academic career. Google scholar is an extremely powerful tool and something that is very useful for many students. It can help you to generate accurate and valid uptodate academic research and make your research process a little bit more streamlined. Google Scholar can be a helpful tool to mine research for potential research papers and to develop an understanding of your research topic a little bit further. It can also help you to generate accurate citations and to organize them into a bibliography. [00:11:54] Now you might be wary about how to identify a valid or relevant research article and this is something we discussed in last weeks episode. Episode 55 of The Homework Help Show we discussed how to spot bad science. So if youre wary about using an online database like Google Scholar. Check out Episode 55 for some tips on how to identify a bad scientific article and. What to look for when you are identifying valid or relevant research. Cath Anne: [00:12:32] Whell guys that is it for me this week I hope this episode was helpful to you. As always if you have any questions jump into the comments below. We always love to hear from you guys. Make sure to like this video and subscribe to our channel so you dont miss out on any more academic content. Make sure to connect with us on all of our social media platforms. Everything is linked and listed in the description box below. We always love to hear from you guys and make sure to reach out and connect. We hope that youll consider a google scholar as a great resource for you when you are conducting your academic research. Good luck writing those research papers and I will talk to you guys soon.

Great Awakening on the Religious Culture Coursework - 275 Words

Influence of the Great Awakening on the Religious Culture of Colonial America (Coursework Sample) Content: Influence of the Great Awakening on the Religious Culture of Colonial AmericaIn the middle of the 18th century, a series of religious revolutions swept over America and its colonies. The great awakening had arrived unexpectedly among Americans who had started complaining that organized religion had lost its vitality. The ministers focused solely on scholastic matters and no longer touched the heart. This enthusiasm split congregations between proponents of the new emotional preaching and those who dismissed it, it shut the dreams of the old light and widened the rifts between the young faithful and the elder proponents of works. The results of this phenomenon were evident in doctrinal changes together with the social and political thought of colonial America (Valkenburg). Men who had been trained to be silent before traditional authorities were encouraged to speak up. They were taught on the complete personal dependence on the holy spirit and that salvation lay only when a sinner personally sought God through prayer and soul searching, not through the church as an intermediary. Compatibility between Christianity and native spirituality was sought to allow for the merging of the beliefs. The new lights also set up institutions of higher learning to train clergymen who would preach fervidly and help sinners convert to...

The Globalization Of Eating Disorders - 963 Words

Soundness in the Globalization of Eating Disorders In her essay, â€Å"The Globalization of Eating Disorders,† Susan Bordo informs her audience of the growing trends in eating disorders. Through her argument, Bordo illustrates the cruel identity of body-image distortion syndrome while she searches for a solution to the eating-disorder problem by looking to its birthplace in culture. Making use of several examples and scenarios, facts and statistics, and appeals to pathos and logos to construct her argument, Bordo shows a strong intent on eradicating the growing crisis in a reasonably sound argument. Bordo establishes herself as an authority figure through her extensive education in English and women’s studies. In her prolific writing career, Bordo often places emphasis on Western culture and its lasting viewpoints toward gender and the body, and in view of this, Bordo’s argument paves way to influence her audience through her credibility as an expert on women and the body images that plague them. As this authority figure, Bordo claims that the media and cultural influence have created a negative influence on humanity’s conceived standard of beauty, and as a result, have caused the spread of eating disorders. Employing her essay with key terms like body image, anorexia, and bulimia among other disorders, the essayist has written her piece rife with appeals to pathos to define them; the essay’s introduction carries her readers into a girl’s mind who struggles with her appearanceShow MoreRelatedGlobalization of Eating Disorders1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe Globalization of Eating Disorders Eating disorders are a huge problem across the nation. Some of these disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia-nervosa, binge eating, and body dysmorphic disorder. Anorexia is a disorder in which subject obsesses about food and how much they eat, while a Bulimic person eats an excessive amount of food, then purges. People affected by these disorders are obsessed with food however; they do not want the calories, so they eat as much as they can, then throw itRead MoreThe Globalization Of Eating Disorders1623 Words   |  7 PagesIn the writing â€Å"The Globalization of Eating Disorders† the author, Susan Bordo strongly uses the pathos appeal to influence the emotions of her audience. This writing speaks in detail about the growing issue of eating disorders, that is not only becoming an international issue; but as well I an issue that now affects young men and women alike. The way that this author uses this specific appeal is in a large part with very personal and relatable d ialogue, about the sufferings of young adults thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Globalization Of Eating Disorders 854 Words   |  4 Pages Eating Disorders In the essay â€Å"The Globalization of Eating Disorders† by Susan Bordo speaks about eating disorders. In society today appearance is a huge factor. Even though appearance has always been a major thing but now day’s people take it to the extreme when trying to have a certain body image. Now day’s people think beauty is whatever is on the outside, instead of the inside and the outside. Most people go on crazy strict diets, surgery and some go through starvation in order to becomeRead MoreAnalysis Of Susan Bordo s Globalization Of Eating Disorders 993 Words   |  4 PagesDemi Lovato once said, â€Å"I’m not going to sacrifice my mental health to have the perfect body.† However, today we find that many individuals are doing the completely opposite. In Susan Bordo’s, â€Å"Globalization of Eating Disorders† essay, they fall into the media trap, the self-image trap, where they are concerned of what people may think about them. American s nowadays have pageants, modeling, and media to thank for this absurd notion. Fit women, along with strong men give this motivation to othersRead MoreEssay about Fast Food Globalization1351 Words   |  6 PagesFood Globalization Some people get confused when they hear the word, globalization. What is it? Globalization is a modern term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that result from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange. That means the world is slowly becoming one by producing goods and services in one part of the world, only to share it on an international level. This is a deeply controversial issue, however. Proponents of globalization argueRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder ( Bed )1453 Words   |  6 PagesBinge Eating Disorder Binge eating disorder (BED) is a psychiatric condition characterized by the consumption of large quantities of food in a specific amount of time, and feeling out of control while eating. BED also involves feelings of guilt and shame after binging but is not accompanied by compensatory behaviors, such as purging or vomiting. Binge eating is described by â€Å"eating at a fast pace, eating until feeling uncomfortably full, eating when not feeling hungry, eating alone to hide the amountRead MoreQuestions On Physical Health And Weight Management851 Words   |  4 PagesWHAT? This module is all about physical health. The reading begins with the three function of the food, which sets the tones of eating. The seven components of food gave a basic idea and knowledge of what food really are and what do they do to our body, or why do we need them. All of those were for chapter five and I would say those were the most of the stuff that we need to know to get into nutrition or a diet at this level for right now. As I was starting with the chapter six, the first point theRead MoreA New Kind Of Epidemic1476 Words   |  6 PagesChacin Chasity Drew English 1006-003 2 November 2014 A New Kind of Epidemic Globalization has created a strong tendency for young people around the world to follow a series of norms, generally attributed to Western civilizations, seeking to construct this idealized image of what beauty should be. Popular media, intentionally or not, has managed to successfully disseminate all over the globe. The Globalization of Eating Disorders written in 2003 by English professor and feminist philosopher Susan BordoRead MoreThe Westernization of Eastern Countries Is Increasing the Frequency and Severity of Eating Disorders2046 Words   |  8 PagesGlobalization is the integration of countries’ individual culture and traditions into one global, conglomerate culture. It leads to the spread of the dominant western culture into many eastern countries. Eating disorders are typically associated with industrialized countries primarily, but because of the globalization the economy and society they are appearing more and more in developing countries such as China and Korea. Eating disorders like Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are fairly newRead MoreAmerican Fashion Industry in 21st Century1555 Words   |  7 Pagesaccompanied by exploitation of labor, eating disorder particularly in models and also the growth of counterfeit products. The international fashion industry portrays an ideal body type commonly known as the ‘size zero’ which women often attempt to attain. This leads them down the road of low self-esteem, starvation and even self-mutilation often resulting in eating disorders, health issues and even suicide. Models between the age of 18 and 24 practically give up eating and also resort to using drugs and

table of proposal target and time scale - 10137 Words

Acknowledgment First and foremost, I would like to thank Allah s.w.t for making things easy for me on doing and completing this assignment. Secondly, I would like to thank my family and friends for supporting and helping me accomplishing my task. Without their support and trust, I could have never been able to accomplish this task brilliantly. Not forgetting my Business Strategy lecturer, Madam Marini Mohamed Azhari for all the help and guidance she had made. If it’s not for my lecturer, I would have never know how to do this task as good as I think I’ve been. For all the knowledge she had taught and shared, I would like to say thank you and it has been a great pleasure for me to accomplish this task by using the knowledge I’ve gained†¦show more content†¦Pfizer will have to take on retailers such as Target, Walmart, or Rite Aid, which already have programs in place, offering lower-priced generic drugs to their customers. In 2011, Pfizer will lose the patent for its most widely sold drug, Lipitor, which will have a huge impact on their sales once generic products enter the market. 2- Global pricing pressure: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8d1a1842-5649-11df-b835-00144feab49a.html#axzz1dt5ys5bp The increased use of generic drugs as well as the fact that in most countries the government controls the prices of medical products results in Pfizer facing increased pricing pressure. As government agencies have control over Pfizer s pricing, this could negatively influence their sales and revenue. In addition, the proposed legislation to control prices will most likely affect the company s business. 3- FDA s regulatory oversight: http://www.google.com.my/#pq=pharmaceutical+pricing+pressureshl=encp=21gs_id=96xhr=tq=fda s+regulatory+oversightpf=psclient=psyabsource=hppbx=1oq=fda s+regulatory+overaq=0naqi=qn1aql=gs_sm=gs_upl=bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.,cf.osbfp=a943ccc3a173c5a3biw=1280bih=737 Regulations not only threaten to interfere with Pfizer s international business, but are also imminent for its business in the United States. With the FDA having increased regulatory power, Pfizer s costs areShow MoreRelatedCitibank: Launching the Credit Card1495 Words   |  6 PagesSingapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia, India, and Indonesia; Further develop Hong Kong market; Enter Korea Ââ€" whenever regulations allow it. • Use different appeals/ value prepositions: in India, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia emphasize status; target upper and upper-middle class; use Citibank and Dinners database to qualify customers and minimize credit risk; create strategic alliance with high-end retailers, providers of luxury services; in Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong emphasize service,Read MoreRequest For Proposal Rfp ( Rfp )1271 Words   |  6 PagesREQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) WIRELESS COMP COMPANY REAPER MACHINES 2335 LENOX ST. CHARLOTTE, NC, 28056 8/11/2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 2 2. PROPOSAL GUIDELINES 2 3. PROJECT PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION 3 4. PROJECT SCOPE 3 5. PROPOSAL AND PROJECT TIMELINE 4 6. BUDGET 5 7. PROPOSAL EVALUATION CRITERIA 6 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND Death Comm is currently accepting proposals to develop, design, launch, and host a new Wireless Network within their building. TheRead MoreCorporate Strategy1297 Words   |  6 Pagesshown below: Year | Company (created or allied with) | Industry | 1963 | Joint Venture (JV) with CBS bought out by Sony | Entertainment | 1965 | JV with Tektronix | Measuring equipment | 1969 | Sony Magnescale | Instrumentation for magnetic scales | 1975 | JV with Union Carbide | Battery business | 1979 | Sony Creative Products | Cosmetics | 1979 | JV with Prudential Insurance | Life Insurance | 1980’s | Sony Vaio | Computers | 1989 | Acquisition of Columbia Pictures | EntertainmentRead MoreCase1LastMileCopy1503 Words   |  7 Pagesoffering to correctly address their customer’s needs (Vitale). One of the two proposals that were on the table for strategic partnership was from Midwest Technologies Inc. The company is a large defense contractor and advanced technology supplier to many industries. They provide their advanced technology products to the automotive, aerospace, and information technology markets worldwide. The company is very large in scale and has been at the forefront of some of the significant technologies of theRead MoreFactors That Affect The Performance Of Mathematics1313 Words   |  6 Pagesbe given an equal chance to sit for an exam and his/her results compared to those of his parents. In order to determine the relationship between performance and genetics, each parent was asked to rate his likability to mathematics and the following scale was used to analyze this. Strongly good in math = 1 and strongly poor in math = 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The performance of each student was equated to the parent’s response and an analysis was carried out. Parents had different dissatisfactions andRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1178 Words   |  5 Pagesfocuses on materials and systems in nanosacle. When nanomaterials are fabricated at atomic scales, they may demonstrate enhanced properties with desired structured and functionalities suitable for removing target pollutant in aquatic environment. This remediation includes degradation, or sequestration, or other related approaches that not only improves water quality, but also reduces risks to human posed by target contaminants. In this regard, promoting nanoadsorbents presents opportunities to developRead MoreExample 1 Good Research Proposal With1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Research Proposal Assignment  Title: Research Methodology Code: POPP 5006 Module Leader: Dr H. Oztel; Name: Anonymous Student Number: Pxxxxxxx Word Count: 1200 ( Excluding References ) Date: 17 April 20xx Programme: MSc IBM Table of Content Title 3 Keywords 3 Aims of Research 3 Background 3 Research Questions Read MoreTilt The Business Towards Biscuits1711 Words   |  7 Pagesinflows during the off season. This section provides full details about situation analysis, implementation, and advantages and disadvantages applying this method. Analysis The analysis part includes brief explanation about the situation, demand and target market. This would identify available opportunities and make it clear for Big Bottom Market owners. Situation. The Big Bottom menu was developed by an expert, except the biscuits. The biscuits recipe belongs to one of the owners’ mother, which meansRead MoreCritique Steps (Understanding Quantitative Research)1258 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the study. c. Main focus may not be clearly labeled requiring reader to synthesize the purpose from this section. 2. Sample a. Look for representativeness of sample. 1. Representativeness-Subjects are randomly selected from the target population. 2. Target population-Population from which the sample is chosen and study findings are generalized to. Example: All women ages 65 to 90 with a diagnosis of acute MI. 3. Sample size-The sample size should be as large as possible. Sampling error decreasesRead MoreInvestment appraisal method1546 Words   |  7 Pages Table of Contents Section Pg Contents 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methods 4 Comparison and modification 7 Conclusion 9 References 10 Introduction With the development of business, more and more techniques have been widely used into companies

Effects Of Maltreatment On Children And Children - 2057 Words

Every year, within Australia, the number of children who are removed from the care of their parents and placed into government regulated care continues to grow significantly. For these children, maltreatment (or the risk of maltreatment), in the form of abuse or neglect within the family home result in the need for them to be relocated to alternative care arrangements, more commonly referred to as out-of-home care (OOHC). The research which investigates the effects of maltreatment on children, conclusively shows that experiencing trauma and/or neglect during childhood can result in considerable physiological and psychological effects on development across multiple key domains, such as cognitive, social-emotional, academic, and language†¦show more content†¦However, there appears to be a lack of evidentiary information regarding the number of children in OOHC that have been referred and/or accessed speech pathology services to date. Given the lack of information regarding speech pathology referral and access rates for children in OOHC, it is important to gain a better understanding of the level of speech pathology interaction with this population by identify those barriers and/or facilitators which may be hindering or helping speech pathology access for OOHC children. In this regard, the Case Managers and Case Workers assigned with provision of care and services for children in OOHC are considered to be important stakeholders who are well placed within the OOHC system to provide a key perspective of the barriers and facilitators which commonly feature in speech pathology interactions with children in OOHC. When considering what elements may be classified as facilitators and barriers, the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Children Youth Version (ICF-CY) (World Health Organization, 2007), provides the following definition: The environmental factors that make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives. These factors are external to individuals and can have a positive or negative influence on the

A Personal Experience of Learning About Bipolar Disorder...

A Personal Experience of Learning About Bipolar Disorder My daughter Ashley, an engaging, highly intelligent, beautiful and artistically talented teenager, suffers from a life threatening genetic illness. It is an illness of extremes with a high, some estimates are as much as 20%, mortality rate. It is sometimes, as with my daughter, difficult to treat. It is always difficult for those so afflicted and their families. The contemporary nomenclature for this disease is Bi-Polar Disorder (1). But I prefer the more descriptive, no longer politically correct name, Manic Depression. Most of us understand the dangers inherent in depression and its associated high risk of suicide. Over the last three years my daughter has employed some†¦show more content†¦This is where a form of mania where the person is extremely anxious, hostile and self-destructive called dysphoria (4), occurs simultaneously with the suicidal tendencies of the depressed state. Closely related to the mixed phase, and also among the symptoms experienced by my daughter, is that which is known as rapid cycling (3). This is defined as four or more complete mood cycles within a years time, and some rapid-cyclers can complete a mood cycle in a matter of days--or, more rarely, [as has my daughter] in hours (3) (2). Rapid cycling (3), as well as other forms of pharmacologically induced hypomania/mania (5), as my family has learned, can be the direct result of the use of antidepressant medications. Over the course of four years and approximately 30 different psychoactive pharmacidicals my daughters experiences have been illustrative of how the use of one medication often leads directly to the use of others. And we have seen many of the numerous problems that can be medication induced. Such experiences began after several months of working with a psychologist and no discernable change in the profound depression which gripped my then 13-year-old daughter. She was referred to her first psychiatrist who prescribed the antidepressant medication Nortriptyline (6). This led directly to her diagnoses as Bipolar. Within hours of her first dose, Ashley began toShow MoreRelatedCase Study 3: Bipolar Disorder. Steven Fry Made A Documentary1293 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study 3: Bipolar Disorder Steven Fry made a documentary about individuals who suffer from bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, and even includes his own personal experience with the disorder. Many of them are well-known in the public eye and have decided to speak out about their disorder. Not every person in the documentary had the same experience and Steven Fry also spoke with many professionals about possible explanations to bipolar disorder and possible age of onset/diagnosisRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder is a fairly common, yet publicly uneducated topic. Bipolar disorder is a frequently repeated and progressive condition wherein one experiences at least one manic episode followed by at least one depressive episode. According to Ferri and Reus (2016), bipolar disorder could be caused from calcium dysregulation, an abnormality of GABA, and the G-protein-coupled receptor abnormality (p. 174). The pathogenesis of bipolar disorder is that it is a heritable condition in whichRead MoreThe Stigma Associated With Bipolar Disorder1448 Words   |  6 PagesLiving with Bipolar Disorder The stigma associated with bipolar disorder is unacceptable. The purpose of this paper is to improve the readers ability to understand what bipolar disorder is and how being diagnosed with this disorder affects all facets of daily living. Family, friends and associates of individuals with bipolar disorder are often affected as well. 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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its fifth edition. Had the original manual never been updated, there would be many individuals who are misdiagnose d. AsRead MoreLearning Project : Bipolar Disorder1666 Words   |  7 Pages Learning Project: Bipolar Disorder Brianna Parker Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania â€Æ' Learning Project: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a very intense disorder and many people struggle with dealing with it on a day to day basis. According to the A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia (2013), bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that can affect your behavior, emotions, and wellness. Bipolar disorder symptoms are more severe than a personal just experiencing a bad day. They consistentlyRead MoreMental Illnesses Were Not As Formalized As They Are Now986 Words   |  4 Pagesreference the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, also called DSM, for information on hundreds of mental disorders that are currently acknowledged today. There is still a lot of research being done to find out why certain people are afflicted with certain disorders. Some ideas are that the illness is passed along genetically; it is also considered that a personal event or trauma could spark a reaction leading to a disorder. Another idea is that some people are born with a predispositionRead MoreThe Problem Of Bipola r Disorder1462 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Hot N Cold† comes to mind when I think of bipolar disorder, â€Å"You re yes then you re no, You re in then you re out, You re up then you re down.† This is the kind of general explanation that is given to give people an idea of what bipolar is. Not in the sense that it is rapid but it can be a battle between two ends. The National Institute of Mental Health defines bipolar disorder which is â€Å"also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energyRead MorePersonal Reflection On Bipolar Disorder1687 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Reflection Before I truly understood Bipolar disorder, it was still a fairly common word in my vocabulary. Anytime I thought someone was being moody or fluctuating between emotions, I joked by claiming that person to be bipolar. Several incidents of this involved one of my roommates who seemed to be happy one day, and quite the polar opposite the next. However, it was not until my clinical experience on the psychiatric unit that I realized what true bipolar disorder was, and that she did

Game Theory and Life Insurance Free Essays

string(281) " make optimal use of the information lie does have \? It is sufficient for our purposes to characterize tile medical information by two parameters : Ps, tile probability of successfully noticing a bad risk, and PF, tile false alarm probability of detecting a non-existant illness\." Astln Bulletin 11 (198o) 1-16 A GAME T H E O R E T I C LOOK AT L I F E I N S U R A N C E UNDERWRITING* JEAN LEMAIRE Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles Tim decision problem o[ acceptance or rejection of life insurance proposals is formulated as a ~vo-person non cooperattve game between the insurer and the set of the proposers Using the mmtmax criterion or the Bayes criterion, ~t ~s shown how the value and the optunal stxateg~es can be computed, and how an optimal s e t of medina! , mformatmns can be selected and utlhzed 1. FORMULATIONOF THE GAME The purpose of this paper, whose m a t h e m a t i c a l level is elementary, is to d e m o n s t r a t e how g a m e t h e o r y can help the insurers to formulate a n d solve some of their underwriting problems. The f r a m e w o r k a d o p t e d here is life insurance acceptance, but the concepts developed could be a p p h e d to a n y other branch. We will write a custom essay sample on Game Theory and Life Insurance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The decision problem of acceptance or rejection of life insurance proposals can be f o r m u l a t e d as a two-person non cooperative g a m e the following w a y : player 1, P~, is the insurer, while player 2, P2, is the set of all the potential pohcy-hotders. The g a m e is p l a y e d m a n y times, m fact each time a m e m b e r of P. – fills m a proposal. Ve suppose t h a t tlfis person is either perfectly h e a l t h y (and should be accepted) or affected b y a disease which should be detected and cause rejection. We shall assume for the m o m e n t t h a t the players possess only two strategies each. acceptance a n d rejection for P~, health or disease for P2. To be more realistic we should introduce a third pure s t r a t e g y for P~: a c c e p t a n c e of the proposer with a surcharge. To keep the analysis as simple as possible we shall delay the introduction of surcharges until sectmn 4. Consequently we can define a 2 x 2 p a y o f f m a t r i x for the insurer. .P~ †¢ P2 healthy proposer A B ill proposer C D acceptance rejection I t iS evident t h a t the worst o u t c o m e for the insurer is to accept a b a d risk. I n t e r p r e t i n g the payoffs as utilities for P1, C should be the lowest figure. Clearly D B : it is better for the insurer to reject a b a d risk than a good risk. Also A must be greater t h a n B. One anight argue a b o u t the relative * Presented at the 14th ASTIN Colloqumm, Taornuna, October x978. 2 JEAN LEMAIRE values, A and D, of the good outcomes. We shall suppose in the examples and the figures that D A, but the analysis does not rely on this assumptmn. In order to find the value of the game and the optimal strategy for P~, we can apply – – the minimax criterion, or – – the Bayes criterion. 2. THE MINIMAX CRITERION To apply the minimax criterion assimilates P2 to a malevolent opponent whose unique goal is to deceive the insurer and to reduce his payoff. This is of course an extremely conservative approach, to be used by a pessimistic insurer, concerned only by its security level. 2. 1. Value and Optimal Strategies without information Since P2’s objective is to harm P~, the game becomes a 2 x 2 zero-sum twoperson game, which can be represented graphicaUy. The vertical axis of fig. 1 is the payoff to P1. His possible choices are represented by the two straight lines. The horizontal axis is P2’s choice: he can always present an healthy proposer, or a non healthy, or pick any probability mix in between. The use of mixed strategies is fully justified here since the game is to be played m any times. Since P2’s payoff is the negative of Pl’s’, his objective is to minimize the insurer’s maximum gain, the heavy broken line. The ordinate of point M Payoff Io p~ D A B healthy i’x~n hi’Klllh Fig. i LIFE INSURANCE UNDERWRITING 3 is then the value of the game. The abscissa of M provides the optimal mixed strategy of P2 P~’s optimal strategy can be obtained similarly (for more details see for instance OWLN (1968, p. 29) ) Thus, by adopting a mixed strategy (to accept any risk with a probability D-B PA = A + D – B – c ‘ and t  ° reject w i t h a p r o b a b i l i t y p n = I AD-BC ? ‘A),. P~ can guarantee himself a payoff of v~ = A + D – B – C ‘ D-C PH = A + D – B – C whatever the strategy adopted by his opponent. P2’s optmml strategy is to present a proportion of good risks. 2. 2. Introduction of Medical Information The preceding model is extremely naive (and vv1Lt only be used as reference for comparisons) since it does not take into account P,’s possibility to gather some information about the proposer’s health, by asking him to fill in an health questmnnaire, or by requiring him to undertake a medical examination. This information is of course only partially reliable. But, however imperfect, it can be used to improve P~’s guaranteed payoff. How can the insurer make optimal use of the information lie does have ? It is sufficient for our purposes to characterize tile medical information by two parameters : Ps, tile probability of successfully noticing a bad risk, and PF, tile false alarm probability of detecting a non-existant illness. Let us introduce a third pure strategy for P , : to follow the indications of tile medical information. If tile proposer is not healthy, his illness is detected with a probabihty Ps, and remains undetected with a probability 1 – – P S . . P i ‘ S expected payoff thus equals E = Dps + C(1-ps). Smailarly, his payoff m case the proposer is healthy is F = (1–pF)A + t~FB. Fig. 2 represents a â€Å"detector† with a . 7 success probability and a . 4 false alarm probability. We notice that, m this case, P1 can guarantee himself a payoff v2 vl by mixing the strategies â€Å"to accept† and â€Å"to follow the detector’s indication†. Of course, for other values of Ps and PF, tile optimal mixed strategy varies and can mix a different set of pnre strategies. The detector can even be so imperfect that the line . FE passes below the intersection of B D and AC; then the medical information is so weak that it is useless. 4 Payoff to Pl JEAN LEMAIRE JD1 J E~ ao % 7o % 4o % 6o % I A. healthy f~n heall hy Fig. 2 2. 3. Optimal Deteclwn System A detector is characterized by a pair (Ps, PFF) of probabilities. The underwriters can decide to render the standards of acceptation more severe, by rejecting more people, thereby incrcasing the success probabihty Ps. Unfortunately, the false alarm probability PF will then increase too. Can gaine theory help us to select an optimal detection system ? Must the company choose a â€Å"nervous† detector, with a high success probability, but also a high false alarm rate, or a â€Å"pldegmatic† or â€Å"slow† system with low probabilities Ps and PF ? Let us assume for sunplicity that all the medical information has been aggregated mto a single discriminating variable (for instance by using discrlminant- or regression analysis). The distribution of the discriminatmg variable for the healthy population will usually overlap the dastribution for the non healthy group. The choice of a particular detector can consist of selecting a critical value, any higher observed value leading to rejection, any lower value to acceptance (this procedure is optimal if the distributions are normal with equal variances Otherwise, tile decision rule can be obtained by a hkelilaood ratio method (see appendix or LEE (1971, pp. 2oi-2o3)). The shaded zone represents the false alarm probability, the dotted region the success probability. Each critical value determines those two probabilities. If the critical value is moved to the right, the detector becomes slower. If it is moved to the left, it become~ more nervous. The set of all the critical values LIFE INSURANCE UNDERWRITING healthy [ non healthy value acceptance t | of the t n g variable dlSCrlmlnat relectlon Fig. 3 Y Ps Fig 4 defines the efficiency curve of the d i s c n m i n a n t variable. The weaker the dlscriminant power of this variable, the nearest to the bissectmg line its efficiency line. A perfect discrimmant variable has a triangular efhciency x y z . The set of all the detectors determines a set of values for the game. The highest value v* for the insurer is reached when the p a y o f f line is horizontal. This can be roughly seen as follows (for a more rigorous proof see LUCE and RAIFFA (1957, pp. 394-396)): the critical value, m o v i n g from left to right, generates a family of hnes with decreasing slope. If . Pat chooses a d e t e c t o r with 6 JEAN LEMAIRE a pos~ttve slope, P= can reduce his payoff below v* b y always presenting h e a l t h y proposers. Similarly, ~f the slope is negative, a continuous flow of non h e a l t h y proposers will keep P~’s payoff below v*. yotl to Pt I D A C h , a i r h~ rmn heulth, Fig 5 The optimal detector can be easdy obtained b y equating the payoffs E and F : Dps + C ( 1 – p s ) = A ( l – p y ) Then (1) + BpF. D-C C-A PF – B – A PS + B – A defines a straight line in fig. 4, whose intersection with the efficiency line determines the o p t i m u m . N o t e t h a t the optimal s t r a t e g y of P~ is a pure s t r a t e g y : to follow the advace of the d e t e c t o r , the insurer does not have to t h r o w a coin after the mecidal examination m order to decide if tile proposer is accepted. W h a t happens is t h a t the â€Å"noise† in the observation system, however small, provides the necessary r a n d o m i z a t i o n in order to p r e v e n t P2 from outguessing the insurer. 2. 4. The Value of Improving the Detectton System A medmal e x a m i n a t i o n can always be improved† one can introduce an electrocardmgram, a blood test . . . . for each proposer. B u t ~s it w o r t h the cost ~ An i m p r o v e d discrimination ability means t h a t tile distributions of fig. 3 are more LIFE INSURANCE UNDERWRITING 7 Fig. 6 Payoff to p, D A im rn i ir~f r m i n B C healthy on hl, olt h Fig. 7 separated and present less overlap. The characterizing probabilities ibs and PF are maproved, and the efficiency line moves away from the bisecting line. The intersection of the improved efficiency line with (1) (which is determined only by the payoffs and therefore does not change with increased discrimina- 8 JEAN LEMAIRE tion) provides the new optimal detector; the ass ociated value is higher for the insurer. If the cost of implementing the new system is less (in utilities) than the difference between the two values, it is worthwhile to introduce it. The insurer should be willing to pay any amount inferior to the difference of the values for the increase in lus discrimination ability. 2. 5. A n Example 1 All the proposers above 55 years of age willing to sign a contract of over 3 million Belgian Francs in a given company have to pass a complete medical examination with electrocardiogram. We have selected 200 male proposers, loo rejected because of the electrocardiogram, and loo accepted. This focuses the attention on one category of rejection causes: the heart diseases, and implicitly supposes that the electrocardiogram is a perfect discriminator. This (not unrealistic) hypothesis being made, we can consider the rejected persons to be non healthy. Correspondingly the accepted proposers will form the healthy group. We have then noted the following characteristics of each proposer: x~: overweight or underweight (number of kilograms minus number of centimeters minus loo) ; x2: number of cigarettes (average daily number); m: the presence of sugar x4: or albumine in the urine; x s : the familial antecedents, for the mother, xs† and the father of the proposer. We then define a variable x0 = l o if the proposer is healthy 1 otherwise nd apply a standard selection technique of discriminant analysis in order to sort out the variables that slgnihcantly affect Xo The procedure only retains three variables xj, x2 and m, and combines them hnearly into a discriminating variable. The value of this variable ~s computed for all the observatmns, and tile observed distributions are presented in fig. 8. As was expected, the discrimination i s quite poor, the distributions strongly overlap. The multiple correlation between Xo and the set of the explaining variables equals . 26. The group centroids are respectively . 4657 and . 343We then estmaate for each possible crltmal value Ps and PF and plot them on fig. lo. t This e x a m p l e p r e s e n t s v e r y w e a k d e t e c t o r s a n d is o n l y i n t r o d u c e d m o r d e r to illus t r a t e t h e p r e c e d m g theory. LIFE INSURANCE UNDERWRITING 9 Fig 8 S Fig 9 We must now assign uNhtlcs to the various outcomes. We shall select A = 8, B = 4, C = o and D = lo. Then the value of the g a m e w i t h o u t medical information is 5. 714, P2 presenting 2/7 of bad usks and P i accepting 3/7 of the proposals. Let us now introduce the medmal reformation nd for instance evaluate the s t r a t e g y t h a t corresponds to a . 5 critical value. On fig. lO, we can read ~s = . 51 a n d PF = 33. Then E = . 5] ? ]o + . 4 9 x o = 5-], a n d F = 3 3 x 4 + . 67 x 8 = 6. 68. The value of this game is 6 121, P2 presenting more bad risks (34. 1%), P I mixing the strategies † r e j e c t † and â€Å"follow d e t e c t o r † with respect- 10 JEAN LE/vIAIRE F i g . 1o Fig. 11 LIFE INSURANCE UNDERWRITING 11 lye probabilities . 208 and . 792 Fig. 11 shows t h a t this s t r a t e g y is too â€Å"slow†, t h a t too m a n y risks are accepted. On the other hand, a detector w~th a . 4 critical value is too nervous: too m a n y risks are rejected T h e value is 5. 975, P2’s optimal s t r a t e g y is to present 74. 7% of good risks, while Pa should accept 29. 7% of the tmle and trust the d e t e c t o r otherwise. To find the o p t i m u m , we read the intersection of the efficiency line with equation (1), in this case 5 ~F = 2 – 2 Ps We find PF = . 425 Ps = . 63 with a critical value of . 475. T h e n E = lOX. 63 + ox. 37 = . 425Ãâ€"4 + – 5 7 5 x 8 = 6. 3. f the insurer adopts the ptu’e s t r a t e g y of always accepting the a d w c e of the medical information, he can g u a r a n t e e himself a value of 6. 3 irrespective of his o p p o n e n t ‘ s strategy. L e t us now a t t e m p t to improve the me examination b y a d n g a new variable xT, the blood pressure of the proposer Because of the high positive correlation between xt and xv, the selection procedure only retains as signific ant the variables x. % xe and x7 Fig. 9 shows t h a t the distributions are more separated. In fact, the group centroids are now . 4172 and . 828 and the multiple correlation between xo and the selected variables rises to . 407. T h e efficiency hne (fig IO) is uniformly to the right of the f o r m e r one. The intersection with (1) is PF = 37 P,s = . 652 with a critical value of approxunatxvely . 45. The value of the game rises to 6. 52, an i m p r o v e m e n t of 22 for the insurer at the cost of controlling the blood pressure of each proposer (see fig. 1~). 3’ THE BAYES CRITERION I n s t e a d of playing as if the proposer’s sole objective were to o u t s m a r t him, the insurer can a p p l y the B a r e s crlter~on, i. . assume t h a t P2 has a d o p t e d a fixed a priori s t r a t e g y H e can suppose (from past experience o1†³ from the results of a sample s u r v e y p e r f o r m e d with a m a x n n a i mecal examination) t h a t a p r o p o r t i o n Pn of the proposers is healthy. The analysis is easier m this 12 JEAN LEMAIRE case, since P2’s m i x e d strategy is now assumed to be known P t only faces a one-dimensional p r o b l e m ‘ he must maximize his utility on the d o t t e d vertical line of fig. 12. Pc/Of f p~ to JD A t B, N C ol eall hy 1 – PH PH non heoll hy Fig 12 One notices from fig. 12 t h a t a medical examination is sometimes useless, especially if PH is near 1. In this case, P t ‘ s optimal s t r a t e g y is to accept all the proposers. In the general case, P t should m a x m n z e the linear function of PF a n d PH [~5FB + (1 – – pF)A]~SH + [paD + (I – ps)c] (1 – PH), under the condition t h a t PF and Ps are linked b y the efficiency curve of fig. 4. As far as the example is concerned, this economic function (represented in fig lo) becomes 1. Ps – 3 4PF if one supposes that p2’s mixed s t r a t e g y is to present 15% of bad risks. 6. 8 + F o r the first set of medical information (xl, x2, x6), tile m a x i m u m is reached at the point Ps = . 28, PF = . 09. Since PH is r a t h e r tngh, this is a v e r y slow detector, yielding a fmal u t d l t y of 6. 914. Comparing to the optimal n n x e d strategy, this represents an increase in utility of . 614, due to tlie exploitation of . P2’s poor play. Of course, tliis d e t e c t o r is only good as long as P2 sticks to LIFE INSURANCE UNDERWRITING 3 his mixed strategy. It is uneffective against a change in the proposers’ behaviour: if for instance PH suddenly drops below . 725, P~’s utlhty decreases under 6. 3, the guaranteed payoff with the mlmmax strategy In this aspect, the Bayes criterion implies a more optimistic attitute of P1. For the second set of medical information (x2, m, xT), the opblnal detector (Ps = . 45, ~bF = o9) grants a utility of 7. t69 if PH = . 85, an improvement of . 649 colnparing to the ininimax strategy (see fig. 11). 4. T O W A R D S MORE R E A L I S M 4. 1. Surcharges Conceptually, the introduction of the possibility of accepting a proposer with a surcharge presents little difficulty: it amounts to introduce one more pure strategy for the insurer. Payoll to ID A G B heollhy non heoil hy F , g . 13 A detector could then be defined by two critical values C1 and C2 enveloping an m c e m t u d e or surcharge zone. The two critical limits would detelmme 4 probabihtles fl~ f12 p8 p4 = = = = probability probabihty probability probability of of of of accepting a bad risk surcharging a bad risk rejecting a good risk surcharging a good risk 14 JEAN LEMAIRE ealthy non healthy V Surchar~le I C1 C2 Fig. 14 and two efficiency curves. A necessary condition for a detector to be optimal is that the corresponding payoff hne is horizontal, i. e. that (2) (1–p3-~@A + 7b,G + p3B = ( 1 – p ~ – p 2 ) D + P2H + P~C. The two efficiency curves and (2) determine 3 relations between the probabilities. One more degree of freedom is thus available to maxim ize the payoff. 4. 2. Increaszng the Number of Strategies of P2 In order to practically implement the preceding theory one should subdivide P2’s strategy â€Å"present a non healthy proposer† according to the arious classes of diseases. P1 should then have as pure strategaes: reject, accept, a set of surcharges, and follow detector’s advice, and P2 as m a n y pure strategms as the number of health classes. The graphical interpretation of the game is lost, but linear programming fan be used in order to determine its value and optimal strategies. Appendix: The Likehhood Ratio Method Let — x be the value of tlle discriminant variable, healthy, – – p(H) and p(NH) the a priori probabihties of being healthy or non – – f(x I H) and f(x ] NH) the conditional distributions of x. We can then compute the a posterior1 probability of being non healthy, given the value of the discriminant variable (1) p = p ( N g ix) = f(x l g H ) p ( N H ) f(x l N H ) p ( g g ) + f ( x l H)p(H)† LIFE INSURANCE UNDERWRITING 15 Similarly p ( H I x) = l – p. T h e e x p e c t e d payoffs for the two decisions are EPA = ( 1 – p ) A EPR = (1-p)B Define D* to be D* = EPA — + pC + po. EPn = [(A-B)+(D-C)]p – (A-B). Consequently, D* is a linear function of p, with a positive slope. There exists a critical ~b, ~b,, for which D* = o’ (A – B ) Pc = ( A – B ) + ( D – C ) nd the optimal decision rule is to reject if p Pc ( t h e n D * o ) a n d t o – – accept if p Pc (then D * o ) . — If f ( x [ H) and f(x I N H ) are normal densities with equal variances, there is a one-to-one m o n o t o n i c relationship between p and x, and thus the crttmal p r o b a b l h t y Pc induces a critical value xe. In general , however, the cutoff point is not unique. T h e r e m a y be two or more critical values. In t h a t case, we define the likelihood ratio of x for hypothesis N H over hypothesis H as f(x [ N H ) L(x) Of f(x I H) c o u r s e o _- L(x) = oo. S u b s t i t u t i n g L(x) in (1) gives 1 P = or 1 L(x) p ( N H ) + p(H) p 1 (2) L(x) – p ( N H ) l – p † F o r constant a priori probabilities, there is a m o n o t o n e relationship between p and L(x); L(x) goes from o to oo as p goes from o to 1. Therefore, a unique critical likelihood ratio Lc(x) exists and can be obtained b y replacing Pc for p in (2) (3) p(H) A – B Lc(x) – p ( N H ) D – C† ] 6 JEAN LEMAIRE p 1. 0 ~-Pc = 0 5 0. 5 I I I NH H I_-~ X? I J_ X? 2 H — Fig. 15 The optimal decision rule reads if L(x) L c ( x ) , reject; if L ( x ) L c ( x ) , accept. Notice that, i f A – B = D – C , pc = 1/2 The decision rule is equivalent to maximizing the e x p e c t e d n u m b e r of correct classifications. F r o m (3) p(H) L e(x) #(NH)† If, furthermore, the prior probabii]ties are equal, Lc(x) = 1. REFERENCES AXELROD, 1~ (1978) Copzng wzth deception, International conference on applied game theory, Vmnna LEE, V,r. (1971) Dec~szon theory and human behaviour, J. Wiley, New York LuCE, R and H ]{AIFFA (1957). Games and deczszons, J Wiley, New York. OWEN, G. (1968) Game theory, ~V. Saunders, Philadelphia. How to cite Game Theory and Life Insurance, Essays

Discussion on Hunting Housing and Homeland Security

Question: Discuss about the Discussion on Hunting Housing and Homeland Security. Answer: Introduction: The first issue raised in the question answer session was by Eliza Gay, who mentioned the rising rate of terrorist attacks all over the globe and how the human society has come to accept it as a inevitable part of modern human society, as stated by the mayor of London. The next issue in the discussion was on the lone wolf attacks happening across the western capitals and whether the emphasis of terror on the Western coalition partners is neutralizing outcome of the loss of countless Islamic lives in Syria and Iraq (Hunting, Housing and Homeland Security | QA | ABC TV, 2017). The third social issue discussed in the program is the rising threat of the Islamic populations attempting to the establishment of a worldwide caliphate. And how the Western citizens are supposed to respond to such a situation that threatens the peace and sovereignty of their homelands. The next issue discussed in the discussion was about some unrealistic policies like the Europe based immigration and refugee policy and if it is in some manner beneficial to the migration situation of Australia. And the questioner also raised the concern about how many more terror attacks will be the collateral damage before the authorities understand the depths of the repercussions of these policies (Hunting, Housing and Homeland Security | QA | ABC TV, 2017). The next set of questions raised by an Islamic Australian resident highlights an interesting albeit odd scenario. The issue addressed in this question is the racial discrimination faced by Australian minorities and how the situation is worsened by the divisive upheaval in different sectors of the society (Hunting, Housing and Homeland Security | QA | ABC TV, 2017). On a similar note the next questioner raised the concern of how the religious minorities like the Jewish being insulted and discriminated in open streets and if the laws that the multicultural hub, like Australia takes pride on its cultural diversity are making life difficult for the minorities (Hunting, Housing and Homeland Security | QA | ABC TV, 2017). The last issue raised by the programme is on the rising number of homeless youngsters in Australia and how the increasing amount of foreign investors and proprietors leading the young generation of Australia homeless (Hunting, Housing and Homeland Security | QA | ABC TV, 2017). The social policy debated in this program was concerned with the immigration policy in place in Australia. The questioner raises a concern over the inclination of the Australian policies towards the Europe based regulations and very rightly questioned Amanda Rishworth on how long the Australian citizens have to cope with terrorist attacks before the authorities discovered that the immigration situation in Australia is much different than the one in Europe. Amanda tackled the situation commendably by agreeing to the initial argument by the questioner. It has to be considered that there is reality in what Amanda tried to explain. Australia deals with a much more diverse and huge group of influx that can outweigh the major part of Europe influx (Hill, 2003). However Stephanie attempted to share her strong believes on how the open field policy in Germany is leading to increasing terrorism and how taking those footsteps can land Australia in the same predicament. However Peter Holmes, a panellist who had the opportunity to stay in Germany for a period pointed it out rightly that the entirety of Europe is facing terrorism and one strict policy cannot be a catalyst here (Hunting, Housing and Homeland Security | QA | ABC TV, 2017). On the other hand the stricter Australian policies on immigration have been saved by the refugee camps on the shores and the fact that Australia is fact is closed off from all ends by the ocean. However Mark Seymour very rightfully stated that the refugee camps sometimes can work like the torture machines regardless of the fact that there can be immigrants who might have come the wrong way and have nothing to do with terrorism. Hence these camps could and should be closed off so that Australian government does not continue to shred layer after layer of humanity while avoiding security breach (Hunting, Housing and Homeland Security | QA | ABC TV, 2017). In the light of the recent global domination of brutality and remorseless terrorism, all the nations are securing their armours to ensure the safety of the nation and the citizens. The immigration policies are a major part of that armour. The Australian policy on immigration, or the white policy as popularly known as has been a protective barrier for the government to diminish the levels of terrorist attacks but there are a lot of arguments about the effectiveness of the policy in the reality (Jamrozik, 2009). It has to be considered that the Australian government has not become anti-immigration all of a sudden; this has been a constant feature of the Australian regulations, however in the light of recent surge in terrorism it has strengthened significantly. However the shoreline refugee camps are doing things none too great with the immigrants. It has to be considered that some of them are truly in the wrong place at the wrong time and they by no means deserve the excessively harsh and inhuman treatment that they receive in the camps (Collins, 2013). However the scenarios at the asylum seekers camp in the shoreline are not changing, according to studies there is no set limit for how long the immigrants are supposed to stay in camp, and their free will is at complete mercy of the Australian government and immigration committee (Carson Kerr, 2014). As mentioned by the Australian immigration minister Peter Dutton, the government will not accept the illegal immigrants at any cost and they will not be given opportunity to settle down the country permanently at any circumstances (Kubrin, Zatz Martinez, 2012). This stand that government has decided to take on immigration has provided the humanitarian part of the society a conundrum. While it is undoubtedly unacceptable to rob human of their free will and force them to stay under the radar of a foreign government for any period of time just because of a mistaken entry, the situation of terrorism deserves equal attention as well (Neumann Tavan, 2013). Although there can be a few amendments that can be incorporated, for instance there should be discretion in the refugee camps that can recognize and validate the immigrants that have come to the Australian Shore by mistake or a foolish attempt to seek the asylum (Wood McAdam, 2012). However we cannot expect the government to not take a strict action on the immigration situation when the safety of the citizens is at stake. However, we can always expect the government to take a more humanitarian frontier without compromising the safety of the nation or its citizens. References: Carson, E., Kerr, L. (2014). Australian Social Policy and the Human Services. Cambridge University Press Collins, J. (2013). Rethinking Australian immigration and immigrant settlement policy.Journal of Intercultural Studies,34(2), 160-177. Hill, M. (2003). Understanding Social Policy, 7th Edition, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Hunting, Housing and Homeland Security | QA | ABC TV. (2017). Abc.net.au. Retrieved 18 April 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s4624232.htm Jamrozik, A. (2009). Social Policy in the Post-Welfare State: Australian in a changing world (3rd edition), Pearson Education, NSW. Kubrin, C. E., Zatz, M. S., Martinez, R. (Eds.). (2012). Punishing immigrants: Policy, politics, and injustice. NYU Press. McClelland, A. (2006). Australia: Understanding for Action, Oxford University Press. Neumann, K., Tavan, G. (2013).Does History Matter?: Making and debating citizenship, immigration and refugee policy in Australia and New Zealand(p. 153). ANU Press. Wood, T., McAdam, J. (2012). III. Australian Asylum Policy all at Sea: An analysis of Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship and the AustraliaMalaysia Arrangement.International and Comparative Law Quarterly,61(01), 274-300.